《商标法修订草案(征求意见稿)》第21条与国际商标重复注册规制的比较分析
Comparative Analysis of Article 21 of the Draft Amendment to the Trademark Law (for Public Comment) and the Regulation of Duplicate International Trademark Registrations

近年来，我国“接力式申请”和商标重复注册现象日益突出，不仅导致商标审查资源的严重浪费，也对市场竞争秩序与消费者权益构成潜在威胁。为有效应对此类问题，《商标法修订草案(征求意见稿)》第21条明确规定禁止商标重复注册，旨在遏制恶意注册行为、优化商标管理制度。然而，该条款在适用标准与执行机制方面仍存在一定的模糊性，给实际操作带来了实施难度。从全球范围来看，已有二十多个国家和地区确立了禁止商标重复注册的相关规定，且各国在适用标准和规制路径上各具特色。这些成熟经验为我国完善相关立法提供了重要借鉴。基于此，本文对《商标法修订草案(征求意见稿)》第21条的立法背景及具体条款内容进行系统分析，选取美国、欧盟、日本和韩国等具有代表性的国家和地区，探讨其商标重复注册规制的制度设计与实践成效。通过对比研究，本文旨在揭示国际经验对我国商标法完善的启示，重点聚焦于明确适用标准、厘清法律位阶与强化法律衔接，以期提升商标法的公正性与执行效率，推动我国商标管理制度的完善。
In recent years, the phenomena of “relay applications” and repeated trademark registrations in China have become increasingly prominent, leading to significant waste of trademark examination resources and posing potential threats to market competition and consumer rights. To address these issues effectively, Article 21 of the revised draft of the Chinese Trademark Law explicitly prohibits repeated trademark registrations, aiming to curb malicious registrations and optimize the trademark management system. However, this provision still contains some ambiguities in its application standards and enforcement mechanisms, which complicates its implementation. Globally, more than twenty countries and regions have established regulations prohibiting repeated trademark registrations, each with its own approach and regulatory paths. These mature experiences provide important references for improving China’s legislation. Therefore, this paper systematically analyzes the legislative background and specific provisions of Article 21 of the revised draft of the Chinese Trademark Law and selects representative countries and regions such as the United States, the European Union, Japan, and South Korea to explore the system design and practical effectiveness of their trademark repeated registration regulations. Through a comparative study, this paper aims to reveal the insights international experiences offer for improving China’s Trademark Law, with a focus on clarifying application standards, improving enforcement mechanisms, and strengthening legal coordination, to enhance the fairness and effectiveness of trademark law and promote the improvement of China’s trademark management system.