贵阳机场两次辐射雾天气过程对比分析
Comparative Analysis of Two Radiation Fog Weather Processes at Guiyang Airport

利用机场地面自动观测数据和高空资料、贵阳站探空资料和ECMWF ERA5再分析资料等，对贵阳龙洞堡机场2016年4月3日(过程一)和2023年12月8日(过程二)两次大雾天气过程从大尺度环流背景、物理量条件以及地面气象要素的变化特征进行分析。结果表明：两次大雾天气过程生成于水汽充沛、微风、强辐射降温的晴间，高空以弱脊西北气流控制为主，地面风向不稳定且风速维持在2 m/s以下。大气层结处于静态稳定时，天空云量覆盖率越低，地表辐射降温越强，逆温层越明显，造成的主导能见度下降率越大，低能见度持续时间越长。太阳辐射使得大气温度上升，地面风速增大后，雾层结构被迅速破坏，雾气快速消散，主导能见度及跑道视程快速抬升。
Using the airport surface automatic observation data and high altitude data, Guiyang station radiosonde data and ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data, etc., two foggy weather processes of Guiyang Longdongbao Airport on April 3, 2016 (Process 1) and December 8, 2023 (Process 2) were analyzed from the characteristics of large-scale circulation background, physical quantity conditions and surface meteorological elements. The results show that the two foggy weather processes are generated on sunny days with abundant water vapor, light breeze and strong radiation cooling. The northwest air flow is mainly controlled by the weak ridge in the upper air, and the surface wind direction is unstable and the wind speed is maintained below 2 m/s. When the atmospheric junction is in static stability, the lower the sky cloud coverage, the stronger the surface radiation cooling, the more obvious the inversion layer, the greater the dominant visibility decline rate and the longer the duration of low visibility. After the solar radiation increases the atmospheric temperature and the surface wind speed, the fog layer structure is rapidly destroyed, the fog quickly dissipates, and the dominant visibility and the runway visual range are rapidly raised.