Place of Benign Nephroangiosclerosis among the Causes of Chronic End-Stage Renal Disease in Conakry

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify the place of benign nephroangiosclerosis among the causes of end-stage chronic renal failure in the Nephrology Department of the Donka National Hospital. Methodology: This was a retrospective study from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2020, of hypertensive patients at least 3 years old with glomerular filtration rate < 15 ml/mn/1.73 m², proteinuria less than or equal to 1 g/24 h, LVH and/or Kirkendall stage I or II hypertensive retinopathy without other associated nephropathies. Results: During our study period, benign nephroangiosclerosis ranked second among the presumed causes of CKD, with a prevalence of 28% (57 patients). In this series, the mean age was 48.5 years, with 32 men and 25 women, giving a sex ratio of 1.3. Other etiologies were 40% chronic glomerulonephritis, 13% diabetic nephropathy, 7% vascular and indeterminate nephropathy each, 4% chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy and 1% polycystic kidney disease. Hypertension was WHO grade III in 20 patients (35%) and less than 6 years old in 36 patients (63%). We found a statistical association between the onset of NASB and the duration of hypertension. We recorded 81% clinical improvement in this series. Conclusion: Prevention, screening and treatment of high blood pressure would help reduce hypertensive nephropathy in Africa and more particularly in Guinea.