The presence of the right atrial thrombus (RAT) is a life-threatening condition often associated with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). This case report details a 63-year-old male patient who presented with a serpiginous RAT and a massive PE. Despite the administration of both anticoagulation and fibrinolytic therapies, the patient unfortunately experienced sudden cardiac arrest and succumbed to the condition.
References
[1]
Rose, P.S., Punjabi, N.M. and Pearse, D.B. (2002) Treatment of Right Heart Thromboemboli. Chest, 121, 806-814. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.121.3.806
[2]
Benjamin, M.M., Afzal, A., Chamogeorgakis, T. and Feghali, G.A. (2017) Right Atrial Thrombus and Its Causes, Complications, and Therapy. Baylor University MedicalCenterProceedings, 30, 54-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2017.11929526
[3]
Ögren, M., Bergqvist, D., Eriksson, H., Lindblad, B. and Sternby, N.H. (2005) Prevalence and Risk of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Intracardiac Thrombosis: A Population-Based Study of 23 796 Consecutive Autopsies. EuropeanHeartJournal, 26, 1108-1114. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi130
[4]
Kurnick, A., Akivis, Y., Sabu, J. and John, S. (2023) Echocardiographic Evaluation of Cardiac Masses. CurrentCardiologyReports, 25, 1281-1290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-023-01945-z
[5]
Wang, Q., Wang, B., Zhang, X., Zhong, X., Chang, S., Yang, J., et al. (2024) The Usefulness of Contrast Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Cardiac Masses: A Multicenter Study. BMCCardiovascularDisorders, 24, Article No. 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-03708-2
[6]
Kronik, G. (1989) The European Cooperative Study on the Clinical Significance of Right Heart Thrombi. EuropeanHeartJournal, 10, 1046-1059. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059427
[7]
Kajamohideen, N., Swaminathan, N., Palanisamy, G., Gnanavelu, G. and Sangareddi, V. (2017) Morphology of Right Heart Thrombi in Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Series and Analysis. JournalofTheIndianAcademyofEchocardiography&CardiovascularImaging, 1, 24-26. https://doi.org/10.4103/jiae.jiae_20_17
[8]
Selwanos, P.P.S., Ahmed, A.O., El Bakry, K.M., Elsharkawy, A.N., Mohamed, O.A., Hosny, H., et al. (2020) Management of a Huge Right Atrial Thrombus in a Patient with Multiple Comorbidities. TheEgyptianHeartJournal, 72, Article No. 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43044-020-00112-x
[9]
Sökmen, G., Sökmen, A., Yasim, A. and Öksüz, H. (2009) Witnessed Migration of a Giant, Free-Floating Thrombus into the Right Atrium during Echocardiography, Leading to Fatal Pulmonary Embolism. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi, 37, 41-43.
[10]
Athappan, G., Sengodan, P., Chacko, P. and Gandhi, S. (2015) Comparative Efficacy of Different Modalities for Treatment of Right Heart Thrombi in Transit: A Pooled Analysis. VascularMedicine, 20, 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863x15569009
[11]
Rai, M.P., Herzallah, K., Alratroot, A. and Laird-Fick, H. (2019) The Dilemma in the Management of Haemodynamically Stable Pulmonary Embolism with Right Heart Thrombus. BMJCaseReports, 12, e229162. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-229162
[12]
Tapson, V.F., Sterling, K., Jones, N., Elder, M., Tripathy, U., Brower, J., et al. (2018) A Randomized Trial of the Optimum Duration of Acoustic Pulse Thrombolysis Procedure in Acute Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: The OPTALYSE PE Trial. JACC: CardiovascularInterventions, 11, 1401-1410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2018.04.008
[13]
Piazza, G., Hohlfelder, B., Jaff, M.R., Ouriel, K., Engelhardt, T.C., Sterling, K.M., et al. (2015) A Prospective, Single-Arm, Multicenter Trial of Ultrasound-Facilitated, Catheter-Directed, Low-Dose Fibrinolysis for Acute Massive and Submassive Pulmonary Embolism: The SEATTLE II Study. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions, 8, 1382-1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2015.04.020
[14]
Guo, M. and Li, W. (2019) Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Thrombi in Right Atrium and Upper Extremity Caused by Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters. International JournalofCaseReportsandImages, 10, 101010Z01JY2019. https://doi.org/10.5348/101010z01jy2019cr
