The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the relationship between people and systems. Many IoT use embedded systems even for specialized applications. The purpose of the research paper is to explore the importance and role of Unix-based operating systems for embedded and IoT systems. In this paper, we explore the versatility and robustness of a Unix-based system, with its standby issues; we also discuss the overall security, real-time performance, cloud and edge integration, containerization, and power energy problems. This paper delves into the different methods that provide security, such as the integration between the cloud and the edge, virtualization, and energy consumption of Unix-based systems for embedded systems related to IoT applications. It also examines the current frameworks and enabling tools of the Unix-based system, which covers a variety of frameworks and different tools. The conclusion of the research paper is that IoT systems must take advantage of all the services based on Unix-like operating systems. Ultimately, the proposed work considered Unix-based systems in embedded and IoT devices as suitable candidates for the future of embedded and IoT systems in limiting and improving areas.
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