基于营业中断保险的供应链决策模型研究
Research on Supply Chain Decision Model Based on Business Interruption Insurance

营业中断保险可以补偿供应中断风险下相关企业的损失，提高产业链供应链稳定性和国际竞争力，优化国内产业链布局。本文针对营业中断保险应用条件及效益，引入供应中断惩罚条款，构建了包含零售商、制造商和保险商三级供应链的双层Stackelberg博弈模型，采用逆向归纳法求解零售商订货量和投保额度、制造商单位批发价格以及保险商的保险费率决策。研究发现：(1) 保险商通过制定合理的费率后，零售商投保可以实现零售商、制造商和保险商三方共赢，同时商品在零售市场上的零售价格也会降低，消费者也会从中获益；(2) 中断惩罚条款不会影响未投保时制造商、零售商与保险商的利润，但会对投保后的各方收益带来影响；(3) 零售商负担了营业中断保险的全部费用，但通过供应链的传导作用未投保的制造商也将为此受益，营业中断保险可以有效抵抗供应链中断风险并通过供应链扩展其价值。
When considering the supply chain interruption risk faced by upstream and downstream members of the supply chain, business interruption insurance can compensate for the losses of relevant enterprises, improve the stability and international competitiveness of the industrial chain supply chain, and optimize the layout of the domestic industrial chain. This article constructs a two-layer Stackelberg game model that includes a three-level supply chain consisting of retailers, manufacturers, and insurers, focusing on the application conditions and benefits of business interruption insurance. This article uses the reverse induction method to solve the retailer’s order quantity and insurance limit, manufacturer’s unit wholesale price, and insurer’s insurance rate decisions. Research has found that firstly, by setting reasonable rates, insurance companies can achieve a win-win situation for retailers, manufacturers, and insurance companies through retail insurance. At the same time, the retail prices of goods in the retail market will also decrease, and consumers will benefit. Secondly, the penalty clause will not affect the profits of manufacturers, retailers, and insurers when not insured, but it will have an impact on the profits of all parties after being insured. Finally, retailers bear the full cost of business interruption insurance, but uninsured manufacturers through the transmission effect of the supply chain will also benefit from it. Business interruption insurance can effectively resist the risk of supply chain interruption and expand its value through the supply chain.