民族地区乡村幼儿园国家通用语言文字教育困境及解困——基于凉山州某县的调查
The Dilemma and Solution of National Common Language Education in Rural Kindergartens in Minority Areas—Based on a Survey of a County in Liangshan Prefecture

国家通用语言文字教育高质量发展是教育高质量发展的前提，也是国家语言文字规划的战略需要。目前，国家通用语言文字教育已在全国范围内基本普及，但城乡、区域间推广普及发展不平衡，普及质量不高的情况依然存在，民族地区乡村幼儿园阶段仍是国家通用语言文字教育最薄弱的环节。据调查，民族地区乡村幼儿园国家通用语言文字教育存在教育资源供给与需求的“错配”、国家通用语言文字教育师资“量小质弱”、课程内容与幼儿的生活存在“背离”、幼儿国家通用语言文字交流环境“贫乏”等困境。基于此，从“资源适需”、“教师适配”、“课程适切”、“语境适促”几个方面提出民族地区乡村幼儿园国家通用语言文字教育解困策略，切实提升民族地区乡村幼儿园国家通用语言教育文字教育成效，建构高质量语言教育体系。
The high-quality development of national standard spoken and written language education is the premise of high-quality development of education, and it is also the strategic need of national language planning. At present, the national standard spoken and written language education has been basically popularized throughout the country, but the situation of unbalanced development and low quality of popularization between urban and rural areas and between regions still exists, and the rural kindergarten stage in ethnic minority areas is still the weakest link in the national standard spoken and written language education. According to the survey, the national common language education in rural kindergartens in minority areas has such difficulties as “mismatch” between the supply and demand of educational resources, “small quantity and weak quality” of national common language education teachers, deviation between curriculum content and children’s life, and “poor” communication environment of national common language for children. Based on this, the paper puts forward the solution strategy of national common language education in rural kindergartens in ethnic areas from the aspects of “appropriate resources”, “teacher adaptation”, “appropriate curriculum” and “appropriate context”, effectively improving the effectiveness of national common language education in rural kindergartens in ethnic areas, and constructs a high-quality language education system.