Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of orthopedic robot-assisted treatment for lumbar spondylolisthesis, focusing on the analysis of key indicators such as intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and accuracy of nail placement, providing a reference basis for the widespread application of this technology. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 25 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis who underwent surgery with Tianji orthopedic robot assistance at Baise People’s Hospital from June 2021 to December 2024, with an age of (59.72 ± 8.44) years, range: (45 - 80) years. Before surgery, all 25 patients had single-segment spondylolisthesis, 7 males, 18 females, L4/5 segment in 17 cases, L5/S1 in 7 cases, L3/4 in 1 case. Before surgery, 17 cases were grade I slippage, and 8 cases were grade II slippage. Through intraoperative and postoperative observation and follow-up, and statistical analysis of data such as intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and nail placement accuracy to analyze the value of orthopedic robots in clinical applications. Results: The intraoperative blood loss under robot-assisted surgery was (209.60 ± 127.09) ml, the duration of surgery was (165.92 ± 16.08) min, the number of fluoroscopies during surgery was (2.24 ± 1.249) times, the postoperative hospital stay was (7.56 ± 1.83) days, the follow-up time after surgery was (9.52 ± 2.69) months, and the accuracy of nail placement was 96%. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were 5.20 ± 0.76 at one week after surgery and 2.20 ± 0.87 at the last follow-up, both lower than the preoperative score of 7.72 ± 1.14, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The four observation indicators included in the Japanese Orthopedic Association for evaluation of the treatment score (JOA) were statistically higher than the preoperative scores. The accuracy of nail placement in patients was class A 90%, class B 6%, class C 4%, class D 0%, class E 0%, x2 = 307.6, p < 0.001. It showed that orthopedic robot-assisted treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis has good effects in controlling intraoperative blood loss and ensuring nail placement accuracy. Conclusion: Orthopedic robot-assisted treatment for lumbar spondylolisthesis has significant advantages and important reference value in clinical applications.
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