有限责任公司代持股权继承的路径分析
Analysis of the Inheritance Path for Nominee Shareholding in Limited Liability Companies

近年来，有限责任公司股权代持现象愈发普遍，在此基础上的代持股权的继承问题跨越继承法与公司法，具有复杂的法律关系，该问题的解决成为司法实践中的难点。解决代持股权继承问题的路径之一为继承人继续作为股权被代持人享有股权的财产权益。路径之二为继承人继承股东资格，成为公司股东。第一，继承人需先向公司请求实际出资人显名化，明确股权实际归属。以往参照适用股权转让的规则，实际出资人显名化包含了其他股东过半数同意这一要件。但2023年新修订的《公司法》删去了股权转让中的其他股东同意权制度，为保持对法律解释的一致，在实际出资人要求显名化时亦应取消其他股东同意权的规定。法院只应综合审查股权代持协议的内容、实际出资人履行的出资义务、行使股东权利等各要素进行判定。第二，公司章程是公司意志的展现，代持股权的继承应符合公司章程的相关规定。
In recent years, nominee shareholding arrangements in limited liability companies have become increasingly prevalent, raising complex inheritance issues that intersect inheritance law and corporate law. Resolving disputes over the inheritance of nominee shares poses significant challenges in judicial practice. One of the ways to solve the inheritance problem is that the successor continues to enjoy the property rights of the equity as the holder of the equity. The second path is that the successor inherits the shareholder qualification and becomes the shareholder of the company. First, the successor needs to first request the company to show the actual investor’s name and clarify the actual ownership of the equity. In the past, referring to the rules applicable to equity transfer, the actual investor’s name included the requirement that a majority of other shareholders agree. However, the newly revised Company Law in 2023 has deleted the system of other shareholders’ consent rights in equity transfer, and in order to maintain the consistency of legal interpretation, the provision of other shareholders’ consent rights should also be cancelled when the actual investor requests to be named. The court should only comprehensively review the content of the equity holding agreement, the actual investor’s investment obligation, the exercise of shareholder rights and other elements to make a judgment. Second, inheritance of nominee shares must align with the company’s articles of association, which reflect its organizational will and governance framework.