Spinal Cord Compression by Vertebral Hydatid Cyst in a Case Report

Background: Spinal hydatidosis is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Though rare, it is particularly severe due to its high morbidity and mortality. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when neurological complications arise. The absence of specific symptoms and the prolonged clinical latency contribute to delayed diagnosis. Aim: To highlight the diagnostic challenges and management strategies of spinal hydatidosis, emphasizing the role of imaging, surgical intervention, and adjuvant albendazole therapy in improving patient outcomes, while acknowledging the high recurrence rates and the need for preventative measures. Imaging and Diagnosis: Imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis of spinal hydatidosis. Standard radiography may reveal lacunar, areolar images with irregular septations and no periosteal reaction. MRI is the gold standard, offering clear visualization of the hydatid abscess and its characteristic fluid-like signal, which is useful for assessing locoregional extension. Laboratory tests are limited in their diagnostic value. Treatment: Surgical intervention remains the only definitive treatment, aiming for a complete and wide excision of the lesions, akin to the approach used for malignant tumors. However, total eradication can be challenging, as the surgical field may appear clear, while the bone remains infiltrated with microvesicles that lack distinct boundaries. Adjuvant medical therapy with Albendazole is recommended to improve outcomes. Despite the poor prognosis, early detection and timely intervention can lead to long-term remission or even cure, particularly in localized cases.