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成功老龄化五因素模型的跨文化适用性及影响因素分析
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Abstract:
目的：基于心理测量学的方法，对老年人进行问卷调查，检验成功老龄化五因素模型的跨文化适用性，并探讨成功老龄化现状和相关影响因素。方法：使用自编的基本人口学调查问卷、日常生活能力量表、简易智能状态评估量表、社会网络调查问卷、心理弹性量表、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表和世界卫生组织生存质量量表环境分量表以随机走访的形式对杭州市社区60岁及以上的老年人进行一对一的问卷调查，总共调查1063人，其中863人完成全部的问卷调查，有效数据833份，有效率96.5%。结果：(1) 因子分析结果显示，成功老龄化五因素模型可以概括为三个因子，分别为生理因子、心理因子和社会环境因子；(2) 在833例的样本中，成功老龄化人数为144人，成功老龄化检出率17.29%，同时成功老龄化还受到性别、年龄、经济满意度和家庭情况等相关影响因素的影响。结论：(1) 在研究的样本群体中，五因素模型被检验为三个因子成分：生理因子、心理因子与社会环境因子；(2) 样本群体中成功老龄化的比例为17.29%，成功老龄化受到性别、年龄、经济满意度和家庭情况等因素的影响。
Objective: This study aimed to validate the cross-cultural applicability of the five-factor model of successful aging using psychometric methods and to investigate the current status and influencing factors of successful aging among older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a random sampling method. Community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older in Hangzhou, China, were administered a battery of validated instruments through face-to-face interviews, including a self-designed demographic questionnaire, the Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Social Network Questionnaire (SNQ), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Environment Domain (WHOQOL-ENV). Among 1063 participants approached, 863 completed all questionnaires, with 833 valid responses obtained (effective rate: 96.5%). Results: (1) Factor analysis revealed that the five-factor model of successful aging could be consolidated into three principal components: physiological factors, psychological factors, and socio-environmental factors. (2) The prevalence of successful aging was 17.29% (144/833), with significant associations observed with gender, age, economic satisfaction, and family circumstances. Conclusion: (1) The five-factor model was validated as comprising three distinct dimensions—physiological, psychological, and socio-environmental—within the study population. (2) The proportion of successful aging in the sample group was 17.29%, and successful aging was influenced by factors such as gender, age, economic satisfaction and family circumstances.
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