Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes, which is caused by hyperglycemia and decreased immunity, and the traditional treatment is not satisfactory. Transverse tibial bone transfer (TTT) therapy for DFU has attracted increasing attention, which promotes cell metabolism and tissue regeneration based on the “tension-stress” law. Domestic and foreign studies have shown that TTT has significant effects in the treatment of diabetic foot, which can improve symptoms, promote angiogenesis, change the polarization balance of macrophages, control inflammation and promote wound healing. However, the specific mechanism still needs to be further explored. At present, the prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, and the incidence and mortality of DFU are high, which brings a heavy burden to families and society. Stem cell therapy has a promising application in DFU therapy, and extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, participate in related cellular activities. In addition, TGF-β/HIF-α plays an important role in wound healing, and M1/M2 polarization of macrophages affects wound inflammation and repair process. Studies in these aspects provide a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of DFU, and also provide a theoretical basis for searching for simple and effective treatment plans. It is expected to improve the prognosis and quality of life of DFU patients.
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