新疆机场集团运营效率的区域差异与动态变化研究
Study on Regional Differences and Dynamic Changes of Operational Efficiency of Xinjiang Airport Group

文章以新疆机场集团为研究对象，选取2013~2023年间的16个机场作为效率分析的目标，运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法，结合BCC模型以及Malmquist指数，从静态和动态两个维度对机场集团的运营效率进行了全面评估。研究结果表明：(1) 乌鲁木齐地窝堡国际机场(URC)和库尔勒机场(KRL)作为核心枢纽，其综合效率、技术效率和规模效率均表现优异。(2) 塔什库尔干机场(HQL)和奇台机场(JBK)等支线机场的效率值较低，表明其在资源配置、技术水平和规模匹配方面存在较大提升空间。(3) 技术进步(TC)是效率提升的主要驱动力，尤其是在博乐机场(BPL)和阿勒泰机场(AAT)中表现显著，而乌鲁木齐地窝堡国际机场(URC)和喀什机场(KHG)的效率下降则可能与规模过大、资源配置不合理或区域经济波动有关。
This paper takes Xinjiang Airport Group as the research object, selects 16 airports from 2013 to 2023 as the efficiency analysis targets, uses data enveloping analysis (DEA) method, combines BCC model and Malmquist index, and comprehensively evaluates the operational efficiency of the airport group from both static and dynamic dimensions. The results show that: (1) Urumqi Diwopu International Airport (URC) and Korla Airport (KRL), as the core hubs, have excellent performance in comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency. (2) The efficiency values of regional airports such as Tashkourgan Airport (HQL) and Qitai Airport (JBK) are low, indicating that there is a large room for improvement in terms of resource allocation, technical level and scale matching. (3) Technological progress (TC) is the main driving force of efficiency improvement, especially in BPL and Altai Airports (AAT), while the efficiency decline of Urumqi Diwopu International Airport (URC) and Kashgar Airport (KHG) may be related to excessive scale, unreasonable resource allocation or regional economic fluctuations.