卢梭自然教育思想在幼儿园游戏中的应用研究
Application of Rousseau’s Thought of Natural Education in Kindergarten Games

卢梭是18世纪法国启蒙思想家和哲学家，是启蒙运动的代表人物之一。他的自然主义教育观的核心是“回归自然”，他主张，教育要顺应儿童的自然天性、尊重儿童，把自由还给儿童、与儿童进行平等对话以及回归大自然，把自然还给儿童。爱玩是儿童的天性，游戏是幼儿最基础的一种活动方式，然而目前我国幼儿园游戏活动的开展包含着忽略儿童游戏的自然天性、使儿童丧失自主选择游戏的权利、教师过多干预以及游戏自然环境有限等诸多问题。在我国幼儿园游戏工作的开展过程中，借鉴卢梭自然教育思想的经验，启示我们应该顺应儿童的自然天性，保证儿童游戏权利；尊重儿童在游戏选择中的主体地位；改变教师角色定位，与儿童平等对话；为儿童提供更多在自然环境游戏的机会。
Rousseau, an eighteenth-century French enlightenment, thinker and philosopher is one of the representative figures of the Enlightenment movement. His naturalistic educational thought is centered on “natural education”, which holds that education should conform to the natural nature of children, respect children, return freedom to children, engage in equal dialogue with children, and give nature back to the kids. It is children’s nature that love to play, game is the most basic activity form. However, at present, the development of kindergarten game activities in our country includes many problems such as ignoring natural nature of children’s game, making children lose the right to choose game, too much intervention by teachers and the limited natural environment of game. In the course of developing children’s games, we study Rousseau’s theory, theory of nature education, which suggests that we should comply with the natural nature of children and ensure children’s play rights, respect children’s main attitude in choosing games; change teachers’ roles, and talk to kids on an equal footing; provide more opportunities for children to play in natural environments.