认知语义学视角下的动词「振る」的语义扩展
The Semantic Extension of the Verb “Furu” from a Cognitive Semantics Perspective

基本动词作为日语中的常用词汇，其复杂多样的语义常成为横亘在日语学习者面前的壁垒。为解决这一难题，本文以基本动词「振る」为例，从认知语义学视角展开研究。围绕籾山洋介提出的多义词分析的三大课题，本文首先借助辞典和语料库确认「振る」的多义性，厘清其在现代日语中的语义范畴，再从中筛选出其原型义。在此基础上，运用认知语义学中的隐喻、转喻和提喻理论，分析「振る」的语义扩展机制，形成语义网络。鉴于多义动词的复杂语义常给日语学习者带来理解和运用难题，本文在明确提示「振る」常见的动作主体与客体的基础上，对其各个义项进行重新表述，并依据语义特征与内在逻辑将它们归纳为以下三个类别：(1) 基本义；(2) 以基本义为手段达成某种目的；(3) 将某事物移动至某处。
Basic verbs are among the most frequently used vocabulary in Japanese, yet their intricate and diverse meanings often pose significant challenges to learners. This study takes the basic verb “furu” as a case study and examines its semantic complexity through the lens of cognitive semantics. Adopting the three-step framework for polysemy analysis proposed by Yosuke Momiyama, the study first employs dictionary and corpus-based methods to identify the polysemy of “furu”, delineate its semantic categories in modern Japanese, and determine its prototypical meaning. Subsequently, it analyzes the mechanisms of semantic extension using the theories of metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche, ultimately constructing a semantic network for “furu”. To address the challenges that polysemous verbs pose for Japanese learners, the study explicitly identifies the typical agents and patients associated with “furu”. It then reorganizes the verb’s multiple meanings into three categories based on their semantic characteristics and internal logic: (1) basic meanings, (2) meanings extended from the basic sense as a means to achieve certain purposes, and (3) meanings involving the transfer of something to a specific location.