话语标记“难道”的反预期信息及语用功能
The Antianticipation Information and Pragmatic Function of Counter-Expectation Markers “Nan Dao”

陆方喆先生将反预期标记的性质和形成机制分为：语气类、疑问类、否定类、转折类。本文主要聚焦于语气副词“难道”，研究它的反预期信息以及语用功能。根据语料分析本文得出：语气副词“难道”具有话语标记的特征，可以表反预期信息，是一种反预期话语的标记。在语用层面上，“难道”具备交际互动功能和情感表达功能，既可以传递信息，又可以表达主观情感。
Mr. Lu Fangzhe divided the nature and formation mechanism of counter-expectation marks into mood, question, negation and transition. This paper focuses on the modal adverb “Nandao” and studies its counter-expectation information and pragmatic function. According to the analysis of the corpus, this paper concludes that the modal adverb “Nandao” has the characteristics of discourse marker, can represent the counter-expectation information, and is a kind of mark of counter-expectation discourse. At the pragmatic level, “Nandao” has communicative interaction function and emotional expression function, which can not only convey information, but also express subjective emotion.