时体范畴对汉语“不”与“没”选择的制约
The Influence of Tense-Aspect Values on the Selection of “Bu” and “Mei” in Chinese

本研究基于现有文献，探讨时体范畴对现代汉语否定词“不”和“没”选择的影响，并系统梳理了不同理论框架的主要观点及其局限性。现有研究主要将否定词的分布归因于动作类型(Aktionsart)和时间相对定位(relative temporal location)。其中，动作类型理论认为，“不”主要用于否定静态事件，而“没”用于否定非静态事件。尽管该理论能够解释“不”在静态谓语中的偏好，但难以充分解释“不”在非静态谓语中的使用。与此同时，时间相对定位理论认为，“不”用于否定相对后时事件，而“没”用于否定相对先时事件。然而，该框架未对时间重叠情况进行系统讨论，且未充分考虑动作类型与否定词选择的交互作用。基于上述讨论，本文提出，构建一个系统性的时–体二维框架可能更有助于准确描述“不”和“没”的分布规律。未来研究应结合大规模语料库数据建立该理论框架，并进一步验证其解释力。
This study builds upon existing research to examine the influence of tense-aspect values on the selection of bu (不) and mei (没) in Modern Chinese. It systematically reviews different theoretical approaches and their limitations. Current studies primarily attribute the distribution of negators to Aktionsart (lexical aspect) and relative temporal location, yet both perspectives exhibit certain theoretical gaps. The Aktionsart-based approach argues that bu is primarily used to negate stative situations, whereas mei negates non-stative situations. While this theory accounts for the preference of bu in stative predicates, its assumption of an implicit modal verb remains unverified and fails to fully explain the use of bu with non-stative predicates. Meanwhile, the relative temporal location approach proposes that bu negates relative posteriority events, whereas mei negates relative anteriority events. However, this framework lacks a systematic treatment of temporal overlap and does not adequately account for the interaction between Aktionsart and negator selection. Based on these discussions, this study suggests that constructing a systematic two-dimensional tense-aspect framework may provide a more consistent description of the distribution of bu and mei. Future research should integrate large-scale corpus data to scientifically and systematically establish this theoretical framework, further validating its explanatory power and exploring its applicability in cross-linguistic studies.