Introduction: The mechanism of this malaria-associated renal complication appears to be acute tubular necrosis related to hemoglobinuria. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of renal complications of severe malaria in children aged 1 month to 15 years. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of the records of children aged 0 to 15 years admitted to the Department of Pediatrics between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 (36 months), for severe malaria with a biologically confirmed renal complication. Results: The frequency was 0.9%. The age group 6 - 12 years was the most represented (65.2%), with a mean age of 9.1 years and extremes of 08 months and 15 years. Severe malaria was the main reason for referral (43.5%). Malaria was confirmed by thick blood smear in 73.9% of cases, and by malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in 56.5%. The majority of patients (71.7%) had creatinine values above 265 μmol/l. Furosemide was used in 87%, and 17.4% of patients received hemodialysis. The mortality rate was 50%. Conclusion: Acute renal failure in severe malaria is a rare complication in children. Its occurrence can be life-threatening, especially in the absence of emergency extra-renal purification.
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