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兰州市水资源利用现状与对策研究
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Abstract:
水资源是工业、农业、经济发展和环境改善的珍贵自然资源，是社会经济发展和人类文化进步的重要因素。本文通过对兰州市降水资源、地表水资源、地下水资源特点进行分析，并研究了水资源在农业方面大水漫灌、农民片面追求经济利益造成的化肥农药污染水源的问题；在工业方面，排放的工业废水污染水源导致水资源利用率低；生活方面，公民节水和保护水源的意识薄弱；水利工程方面，水利项目科学治理水平低、水价低等一系列问题。最终制定出加强用水法律法规的实施和改革；采用节水技术，发展滴灌农业；优化产业结构，提高用水效率和效益；改革水费，提高公民节水意识等治理措施，从而实现兰州市水资源的可持续利用，加快兰州市经济可持续发展。
Water resources are precious natural resources for industry, agriculture, economic development and environmental improvement, and are important factors for social and economic development and human cultural progress. This paper analyzes the characteristics of precipitation resources, surface water resources and groundwater resources in Lanzhou City, and studies the pollution of water sources caused by chemical fertilizers and pesticides caused by heavy irrigation of water resources in agriculture and farmers’ one-sided pursuit of economic benefits. In the industrial aspect, the discharge of industrial wastewater polluted the water source, resulting in the low utilization rate of water resources. In terms of daily life, citizens’ awareness of water saving and water protection is weak. In terms of water conservancy projects, there are a series of problems such as low scientific management level and low water price. Finally, we formulate and strengthen the implementation and reform of water use laws and regulations, adopt water-saving technology and develop drip irrigation agriculture, optimize the industrial structure, improve water efficiency and benefit. In order to realize the sustainable utilization of water resources and accelerate the sustainable economic development of Lanzhou city, we should reform water charges and improve citizens’ awareness of water saving.
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