纯氢管道小孔泄漏规律研究
Research on the Leakage Law of Small Holes in Pure Hydrogen Pipelines

本文聚焦埋地纯氢管道泄漏问题展开研究。氢能作为实现“3060双碳目标”的重要途径，其长距离运输中管道运输优势显著。目前对埋地纯氢管道泄漏研究稀缺，实验成本高且风险大，因此采用Simdroid5.0软件建立泄漏仿真模型。通过以拟建纯氢管道为原型，设置不同泄漏孔径、位置及多种土壤条件参数，结合流体力学控制方程和湍流模型，进行数值模拟。结果表明：随着泄漏孔径增大，泄漏孔周围温度减小；泄漏孔位置不同，氢气扩散速度有差异，朝上时最快，朝下时先在土壤聚集再向上扩散；土壤种类对氢气泄漏扩散影响关键，扩散速度从高到低依次为砂土、壤土、黏土，且粘度阻力系数越小、孔隙率越小，氢气泄漏越快。研究为未来纯氢管道安全输送提供基础支持，但研究存在局限性，如缺乏现场试验与实际测量数据支撑，对土壤条件进行了简化。后续应开展实际试验检测，对比模拟与实际数据，并考虑更多土壤复杂因素，建立更完善的泄漏模型，以促进纯氢管道输氢技术的发展。
This article focuses on the study of leakage problems in buried pure hydrogen pipelines. Hydrogen energy, as an important way to achieve the “3060 dual carbon target”, has significant advantages in pipeline transportation for long-distance transportation. At present, research on the leakage of buried pure hydrogen pipelines is scarce, with high experimental costs and risks. Therefore, Simdroid5.0 software is used to establish a leakage simulation model. By taking the proposed pure hydrogen pipeline as a prototype, setting different leakage aperture, location, and various soil condition parameters, combined with fluid dynamics control equations and turbulence models, numerical simulations were conducted. The results indicate that as the leakage aperture increases, the temperature around the leakage aperture decreases; the diffusion speed of hydrogen varies depending on the location of the leakage hole. It is fastest when facing upwards and first accumulates in the soil before diffusing upwards when facing downwards; the soil type has a crucial impact on the diffusion of hydrogen gas leakage, with the diffusion rate being in the order of sandy soil, loam soil, and clay. Moreover, the smaller the viscosity resistance coefficient and porosity, the faster the hydrogen gas leakage. The research provides basic support for the safe transportation of pure hydrogen pipelines in the future, but there are limitations to the research, such as the lack of on-site testing and actual measurement data support, and simplification of soil conditions. Subsequently, actual experimental testing should be carried out to compare simulated and actual data, and more complex soil factors should be considered to establish a more comprehensive leakage model, in order to promote the development of pure hydrogen pipeline hydrogen transportation technology.