天津大港滨海湿地鸟类多样性研究
A Study on Bird Diversity in the Coastal Wetland of Dagang, Tianjin

为掌握大港滨海湿地鸟类多样性情况，2023年7月至2024年6月采用样线法和G-F多样性指数法对大港滨海湿地进行了鸟类多样性调查研究。共记录鸟类11目21科61种，数量57,199只，其中水鸟数量占总数量的99.14%。国家一级重点保护鸟类3种，国家二级重点保护鸟类4种。鸟类区系以古北界物种数最多，为41种，占总种数的67.21%。居留型以旅鸟为主。鸟类季节变化明显，秋季物种数和数量最多，夏季物种数和数量最少。大港滨海湿地区域的鸟类G-F多样性指数为0.63。
Objectives: Dagang Coastal Wetland is located in the eastern coastal area of Mapengkou in Tianjin, which is an important station for the north-south migration of waterbirds, and an important part of the East Asian-Australasian waterbird migration route. The vast coastal tidal flats provide excellent stopover sites for nearly 100 species and hundreds of thousands of migratory waterbirds, as well as breeding grounds and wintering grounds for some birds. Birds are sensitive to environmental changes, and their community composition and population size are considered to be important indicators for monitoring and evaluating wetlands. Methods: From July 2023 to June 2024, a survey on bird based on transect method and G-F diversity index was conducted in the Dagang Coastal Wetland in order to learn about the biodiversity of birds in this area, which spanned four quarters and included 6 line transects and 12 sample points. Results: Sixty-one species of 21 families belonged to 11 orders have been recorded in this area in total. The number of birds was 57,199, of which 99.14% were waterbirds. Three species are under state first-class priority protection and four species are under state second-class priority protection. The bird fauna of Palaearctic realm possesses most species of birds, with 41 species, accounting for 67.21% of the total species. The residence type is dominated by traveling birds. The seasonal variation of birds was obvious, with most individuals and number of species in autumn while the least in summer. The G-F diversity index of birds in the coastal wetland of Dagang was 0.63. Conclusion: The low F-index, G-index and G-F index in the survey area reflected the poor interspecific distribution uniformity of birds in the area and the concentration of waterbird species, which was releted to theunitary aquatic habitatss in this area.