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凡纳滨对虾养殖水体悬浮颗粒物特征的初步研究
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Abstract:
为探究凡纳滨对虾养殖水体悬浮颗粒物的产生及发展规律，本试验对养殖过程中悬浮颗粒物的主要来源，以及曝气量和曝气方式对悬浮颗粒物数量的影响进行研究，旨在减少在养殖过程中悬浮颗粒物对水质的影响，解决浓度过高而降低凡纳滨对虾的成活率从而影响养殖效益的问题。在室内水温26℃~28℃，盐度为30的条件下，进行了3个试验，1) 投放30尾凡纳滨对虾仔虾(A1)、不投放凡纳滨对虾(B1)；2) 均采用气石曝气的条件下，曝气量8 ml/s (A2)、16 ml/s (B2)、24 ml/s (C2)、32 ml/s (D2)；3) 曝气量均为24 ml/s的条件下，气石曝气(A3)、微孔纳米管曝气(B3)、文丘里射流器曝气(C3)。试验时间均为30 d，结果表明：在实验过程中A1、B1两组悬浮颗粒物、溶解氧(DO)、总氨氮(TAN)和亚硝酸氮(![](\"https://html.hanspub.org/file/2830288-rId10.svg?20250312030505\")
)浓度均有显著性差异(P < 0.05)，养殖后期A1组悬浮颗粒物、TAN和浓度最大值分别为(667.3 ± 16.7) mg/L、(1.18 ± 0.08) mg/L和(0.52 ± 0.04) mg/L，DO最小值为(4.76 ± 0.08) mg/L；试验结束时C2组的悬浮颗粒物、TAN和浓度均显著低于A1组(P < 0.05)，最小值分别为(512.3 ± 53.3) mg/L、(1.33 ± 0.15) mg/L和(0.37 ± 0.04) mg/L，溶解氧最小值为(5.31 ± 0.11)；试验后期B3组的悬浮颗粒物、TAN和浓度均显著低于C3组(P < 0.05)，最小值分别为(536 ± 36.77) mg/L、(1.62 ± 0.02) mg/L和(0.50 ± 0.04) mg/L，溶解氧最小值为(5.31 ± 0.11)。本试验条件下，发现约有80.24%的悬浮颗粒物来自凡纳滨对虾的生长代谢，选择24 mg/L的曝气量和微孔纳米管作为曝气设备能有效地减少悬浮颗粒物的产生，控制凡纳滨对虾养殖过程中的水质。
In order to explore the generation and development law of suspended particulates in the aquaculture water of Litopenaeus vannamei, this experiment studied the main sources of suspended particulates in the aquaculture process, as well as the influence of aeration rate and aeration method on the number of suspended particulates, aiming to reduce the impact of suspended particulates on water quality in the aquaculture process and solve the problem that high concentration reduces the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei and affects the efficiency of breeding. Under the conditions of indoor water temperature of 26？C~28？C and salinity of 30, three experiments were carried out: 1) Put 30 Litopenaeus vannamei in the tank (A1) and not with Litopenaeus vannamei (B1); 2) Under the condition of aeration of air stone, the aeration volume is 8 ml/s (A2), 16 ml/s (B2), 24 ml/s (C2) and 32 ml/s (D2); 3) Under the condition that the aeration volume is 24 ml/s, aerated by gas stone (A3), aeration of microporous nanotubes (B3), and aeration of Venturi jet (C3). The test time was 30 days, and the results showed that
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