高速列车动态密封性能研究
Research on Dynamic Sealing Performance of High-Speed Trains

高速动车组通过隧道时，车外会产生较大的压力波动，传入车内引起车内压力变化，进而引起司乘人员耳鸣、耳膜疼痛甚至破裂，带来耳感舒适性问题。司乘人员舒适性主要影响因素有车内压力变化、车体动态气密性、人员对压力变化的生理反映特点以及人员经历压力变化次数与时间长短等。在高速动车组设计中，主要通过采用气密车体和密封结构来抑制车内压力波动，以保证司乘人员舒适性。本文介绍了不同国家时间常数模型定义方法，通过采用一维程序计算，分析了单列动车组通过隧道时车内外压力变化规律以及不同隧道长度、不同列车速度对车内外压力影响，研究了单列动车组通过隧道时的车体气密性，进一步对认识动态气密性有较大帮助。
When high-speed trains pass through tunnels, there will be significant pressure fluctuations outside the train, which can cause changes in pressure inside the train, leading to tinnitus, ear pain, and even rupture of the driver and passengers, resulting in ear comfort issues. The main factors affecting the comfort of drivers and passengers include changes in interior pressure, dynamic airtightness of the vehicle, physiological response characteristics of personnel to pressure changes, and the frequency and duration of pressure changes experienced by personnel. In the design of high-speed trains, the main approach is to use airtight bodies and sealed structures to suppress pressure fluctuations inside the train and ensure the comfort of drivers and passengers. This article introduces the definition methods of time constant models in different countries. By using one-dimensional programs to calculate, it analyzes the changes in pressure inside and outside the train when a single train unit passes through a tunnel, as well as the effects of different tunnel lengths and train speeds on the pressure inside and outside the train. The study of the airtightness of single-unit trains passing through tunnels is greatly helpful for understanding dynamic airtightness.