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克罗恩病发病机制的研究进展：遗传、环境与免疫因素
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Abstract:
克罗恩病(Crohn’s Disease, CD)是一种慢性复发性肠道炎症性疾病，其发病机制复杂，涉及遗传、环境和免疫等多个因素的相互作用。近年来，随着基因组学、表观遗传学、蛋白组学和代谢组学等组学技术的发展，CD发病机制的研究取得了显著进展。全基因组关联研究(GWAS)发现了多个与CD相关的易感基因，如NOD2和IL23R等，这些基因参与免疫反应、肠道屏障功能及微生物组调节等多个生物学过程。此外，环境因素如饮食习惯、吸烟和生活方式等也在CD的发生和发展中起着关键作用。免疫系统的异常反应，包括免疫细胞功能紊乱、炎症介质释放失控以及自身免疫机制的参与，是CD发病的核心环节。文章就克罗恩病发病机制的研究现状做出系统性概述。
Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing intestinal inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis involving the interaction of multiple factors such as genetics, environment, and immunity. In recent years, with the development of omics technologies such as genomics, epigenetics, proteomics, and metabolomics, significant progress has been made in the research on the pathogenesis of CD. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple susceptibility genes associated with CD, such as NOD2 and IL23R. These genes are involved in multiple biological processes, including immune response, intestinal barrier function, and microbiome regulation. In addition, environmental factors such as diet, smoking, and lifestyle also play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of CD. The abnormal response of the immune system, including dysfunction of immune cells, uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators, and the involvement of auto-immune mechanisms, is the core link in the pathogenesis of CD. This article provides a systematic overview of the current research status of the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease.
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