我国农村养老保障制度的演进——基于政策反馈理论分析
The Evolution of China’s Rural Old-AgeSecurity System—Analysis Based on Policy Feedback Theory

建立并完善农村养老保障是积极应对人口老龄化、保障农村地区群众基本养老权益的重要举措，也是高质量社会保障体系重要组成部分，更是全面推进乡村振兴工作中的重要任务。政策反馈理论认为公共政策不仅是决策的产物，也是决策产生的原因，能够通过影响政治过程来影响未来的政策制定。我国农村养老保障的发展历程，深刻揭示了公共政策的双重属性：它既是政治进程的产物，也是关键的投入要素。过往政策通过解释效应、资源效应、演化效应和学习效应，对后续政策的内容与走向起到了关键的塑造作用。基于政策反馈效应机制，为推动农村养老保障发展，我们应当加大政府投入、均衡养老资源供给、深化政策理解、理性看待政策演化、强化政策学习。以此不断完善农村养老保障制度，切实保障农村居民的养老权益，为乡村振兴工作的稳步推进提供有力支撑。
Establishing and improving rural old-age security is an important measure for actively responding to population ageing and safeguarding the basic old-age rights and interests of people in rural areas, as well as an important component of a high-quality social security system, and an important task in the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization. Policy feedback theory holds that public policy is not only the product of decision-making, but also the cause of decision-making, and can influence future policymaking by influencing the political process. The development history of China’s rural old-age security has profoundly revealed the dual attributes of public policy: it is both a product of the political process and a key input element. Past policies have played a key role in shaping the content and direction of subsequent policies through explanatory effects, resource effects, evolutionary effects and learning effects. Based on the mechanism of policy feedback effect, in order to promote the development of rural old-age security, we should increase the government’s investment, balance the supply of old-age resources, deepen the understanding of policies, rationally view the evolution of policies, and strengthen policy learning. In this way, we can continuously improve the rural old-age security system, effectively protect the rights and interests of rural residents, and provide strong support for the steady progress of rural revitalization.