The growing population of physically disadvantaged students in higher education has emerged as a significant challenge for social development and physical education reform. National youth fitness surveys reveal a continuous decline in Chinese adolescents’ physical constitution over recent decades, with an expanding cohort of physically vulnerable students in universities. This study focuses on the improvement of physical and mental health through exercise interventions for this population. Utilizing literature analysis methodology, we systematically examine the current status and contributing factors of physically disadvantaged university students, while reviewing research advancements in exercise-based interventions from 2008 to 2024. Through comprehensive synthesis, this paper concludes with evidence-based findings and forward-looking perspectives, aiming to delineate current research trends, identify critical issues, and provide theoretical references for developing effective exercise intervention strategies to enhance both physical fitness and psychological well-being in this special student population.
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