坚硬煤层条件采场冲击地压动静载声电监测研究
Research on Dynamic and Static Acoustic Electric Monitoring of Impact Ground Pressure in Hard Coal Seam Conditions Mining Site

随着我国煤矿开采逐渐向深部发展，深部煤层开采面临着越来越严峻的安全挑战，尤其是冲击地压等动力灾害对矿井安全的影响日益突出。本文基于坚硬煤层条件下的冲击地压动静载声电监测技术，开展了巴彦高勒煤矿311203工作面回风顺槽区域的声电协同监测研究。通过设置多个声电监测点，采用声发射和电磁辐射信号分析方法，实时监测煤岩体在不同采掘阶段的应力状态及变形情况，测得311203辅助回风的声发射预测冲击危险的三级预警指标临界值分别为：255 mV、275 mV、330 mV；电磁辐射预测冲击危险的三级预警指标临界值分别为85 mV、103.5 mV、130 mV。研究发现，声电监测信号的强度及波动特征可以有效反映煤岩体的破裂和摩擦过程，为冲击地压的预测和预警提供了重要依据。
With the gradual development of coal mining in China towards deep mining, deep coal seam mining is facing increasingly severe safety challenges, especially the impact of dynamic disasters such as rockburst on mine safety is becoming more and more prominent. This article is based on the acoustic electric monitoring technology of dynamic and static loads of impact ground pressure under hard coal seam conditions, and conducts research on the acoustic electric collaborative monitoring of the return air channel area in the 311203 working face of Bayan Gaole Coal Mine. By setting up multiple acoustic and electrical monitoring points and using acoustic emission and electromagnetic radiation signal analysis methods, the stress state and deformation of coal and rock masses in different mining stages were monitored in real time. The critical values of the third level warning indicators for predicting impact danger by 311203 auxiliary return air acoustic emission were measured to be 255 mV, 275 mV, and 330 mV, respectively; the critical values of the three-level warning indicators for predicting impact hazards of electromagnetic radiation are 85 mV, 103.5 mV, and 130 mV, respectively. Research has found that the intensity and fluctuation characteristics of acoustic and electrical monitoring signals can effectively reflect the fracture and friction processes of coal and rock masses, providing important basis for the prediction and early warning of rockburst.