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注视眼效应
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Abstract:
注视眼效应是指当个体面对直接注视其本人的眼睛图像时，其行为模式会发生改变的现象，具体体现在个体会变得更慷慨大方，倾向于展现更多亲社会行为，更少反社会行为，但其结果较不稳定。本文旨在通过系统回顾与分析注视眼效应的相关文献，从该效应所使用的眼睛刺激呈现类型、所涉及的研究领域以及其相关理论出发，探讨注视眼效应的触发条件及其潜在的理论机制，旨在为未来的研究提供有价值的洞见与参考。未来的研究应致力于关注注视眼睛复杂的社会属性和丰富的情绪内涵，而非简单的生理特征，同时，也应在涉及亲社会和道德决策的多种情景中对其进行检验。注视眼睛对行为的正面影响并非简单直接，而是经历了一个复杂的利弊权衡过程，其中个体需综合考量实施或不实施特定行为所带来的显性或隐性收益与损失，注视眼睛可能在这一过程中起到了增强实施亲社会行为的利益感知的关键作用。
The Watching Eyes Effect is a phenomenon where people’s behavior changes when they see an image of eyes staring at them. This often leads to increased generosity, more prosocial actions, and fewer antisocial behaviors, although the results can vary. Our paper systematically reviews and analyzes existing research on this effect, focusing on the types of eye images used, the research areas involved, and related theories. We aim to explore the conditions that trigger the Watching Eyes Effect and its underlying mechanisms, providing valuable insights and guidance for future studies. Future research should focus on the complex social attributes and rich emotional connotations of watching eyes, rather than merely on its simple physiological characteristics. At the same time, it should also be tested in various contexts involving prosocial and moral decision-making. The positive influence of watching eyes on behavior is complex, involving a trade-off between benefits and drawbacks. Individuals weigh both obvious and hidden advantages and disadvantages of their actions, and the presence of watching eyes may enhance the perceived benefits of prosocial behavior.
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