Exploring the Strategic Role of Human Resource Development in Enhancing Institutional Effectiveness in Ghanaian Universities: A Comparative Analysis of HR Practices and Their Impact on Administrative Capacity

This study investigates strategic human resource development (HRD) practices in Ghanaian universities, focusing on their role in enhancing administrative capacity in the 21st century. Despite the critical importance of HRD in higher education, its implementation in Ghana remains under-explored. Using a qualitative research design, the study employed semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from six public universities and complemented these with a document analysis of institutional policies and reports. The findings reveal significant variability in HRD practices, with many institutions lacking comprehensive strategies aligned with their institutional and national goals. Key challenges include resource constraints, inadequate technological infrastructure, resistance to change, and a shortage of specialised HRD expertise. Nevertheless, innovative practices such as mentorship programs, technology-based learning platforms, and collaborative partnerships demonstrate significant potential for advancing HRD. This study underscores the necessity of long-term HRD plans, investments in leadership development and digital infrastructure, and fostering a culture of continuous learning and innovation. These initiatives are essential to build the administrative capacity required to navigate the complexities of higher education in Ghana. This study contributes to the literature by addressing lacunae in Human Resource Development (HRD) research specific to developing countries and proffering pragmatic recommendations for administrators and policymakers. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of integrated strategies that align HRD initiatives with broader institutional and national developmental objectives. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess the sustainability of HRD interventions, comparative analyses across private and public universities, and the development of context-specific HRD frameworks tailored to the Ghanaian higher education landscape.