Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) pose significant medical challenges, leading to progressive neuronal loss and functional decline. Current treatments primarily focus on symptom management rather than addressing the underlying pathology. Stem cell therapy and neuroprosthetics have emerged as two promising, yet distinct, approaches to mitigating the effects of NDDs. Stem cell therapy aims to regenerate or repair damaged neural tissue, while neuroprosthetics, including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), modulate brain activity and restore lost functionality. This paper explores the potential synergy of combining these therapies to address both cellular regeneration and functional impairment. By integrating stem cell therapy’s regenerative capabilities with neuroprosthetics’ capacity to enhance neural communication, this approach could provide a more comprehensive strategy for treating NDDs. However, significant challenges remain, including ensuring stem cell survival and integration, optimizing neuroprosthetic interfaces, and addressing ethical considerations. While pre-clinical and early clinical studies have shown promising results, further research is necessary to establish the long-term efficacy and safety of this combined therapeutic model. Advancing this interdisciplinary approach credefine treatment paradigms for neurodegenerative conditions and improve patient outcomes.
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