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产后盆底功能评估的研究进展
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Abstract:
盆底功能障碍性疾病(pelvic floor dysfunction, PFD)是女性常见病，由于妊娠、分娩等因素导致盆底损伤时可引起盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse, POP)、尿失禁、粪失禁、性功能障碍等影响患者生活质量的一系列病症。该类疾病诊治较为复杂，目前国内尚缺乏相应的诊治指南。本文对客观定量数据的相关研究进行了分析和简要总结。检索了从2000年到2024年7月，在Web of Science、Pub Med、MEDLINE、知网、维普、万方，中华医学期刊全文和相关的最新期刊上检索了用客观测量方法评估的怀孕和分娩对盆底功能检测的文章。将盆底肌电评估、盆底超声(US)、磁共振成像(MRI)、盆腔器官脱垂量化(POP-Q)、尿流动力学、盆底针肌电/神经生理等进行系统评估。产后6周至6月的客观测量可以早期识别出在以后的生活中容易出现盆底功能障碍的女性，并为咨询和预防性治疗策略提供机会。
Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a common disease in women. Due to pregnancy, childbirth and other factors, pelvic floor injury can cause pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, sexual dysfunction and other diseases that affect the quality of life of patients. The diagnosis and treatment of this kind of disease is complicated, and there is still a lack of corresponding diagnosis and treatment guidelines in China. This paper analyzes and briefly summarizes the related research of objective quantitative data. From 2000 to July 2024, we searched the full text of Web of Science, Pub Med, MEDLINE, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Chinese Medical Journal and related latest journals to retrieve articles on the detection of pelvic floor function in pregnancy and childbirth evaluated by objective measurement methods. Pelvic floor electromyography assessment, pelvic floor ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q), urodynamics, pelvic floor needle electromyography/neurophysiology were systematically evaluated. Objective measurement from 6 weeks to 6 months after delivery can early identify women who are prone to pelvic floor dysfunction in later life and provide counseling.
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