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Medical Diagnosis 2025
放射性口腔黏膜炎的研究进展
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Abstract:
放射治疗是头颈部肿瘤的主要治疗方案之一，可改善癌症患者的临床症状，但也可能引发各种并发症。其中，放射性口腔黏膜炎是头颈部肿瘤患者接受放射治疗后的主要并发症之一，以局部炎症性充血和水肿为初始症状，随后发生脱屑、坏死和深部溃疡，可能继发感染进一步加重症状。RIOM在放疗开始后2周发生率较高，8周后逐渐开始愈合，其预防和治疗方案通常有维护口腔卫生、营养支持、使用生长因子、帕利夫明、康复新液、低水平激光疗法等，另有多种治疗新方案尚在研究阶段，例如使用沙利度胺、Smad7、氯化锂等作为预防或治疗的手段能有效缓解放射性口腔黏膜炎症状，也能为放射性口腔黏膜炎的临床治疗提供一定的参考。
Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for head and neck tumors, which can alleviate the clinical symptoms. But it can cause various complications, too. Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis (RIOM) is one of the main complications in patients with head and neck tumors who have received radiation therapy. The initial symptoms of RIOM are local inflammatory congestion and edema, followed by desquamation, necrosis, and deep ulcers, which may be aggravated by secondary infection. After receiving radiotherapy, RIOM had a high incidence in 2 weeks and began to heal after 8 weeks. The prevention and treatment plans usually include maintaining oral hygiene, providing nutritional support, and using medicines, such as growth factors, palifermin, Kangfuxin liquid, low-level laser therapy, etc. There are also various new treatment plans that are still in the research stage, such as thalidomide, Smad7, lithium chloride, etc. Those medicines can be used as prevention or treatment progress, which can effectively alleviate the symptoms of RIOM and provide a reference for the treatment of RIOM.
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