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中国驼绒藜荒漠植被地理分布及其斑块特征
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Abstract:
荒漠化问题在全球范围内日益严重，驼绒藜作为荒漠地区生态恢复和防治荒漠化的关键植物之一，具有重要的价值。本研究利用ArcGIS软件，基于《中国植被图集(1:1,000,000)》获取的驼绒藜荒漠植被数据，结合斑块特征和形状指数分析方法，对驼绒藜荒漠植被的地理分布、斑块形状及空间特征进行分析。结果表明：我国驼绒藜荒漠植被总面积为43915.84 km2，总斑块数为259个，其主要分布在新疆。通过空间格局分析，驼绒藜荒漠植被小斑块多，大斑块少，斑块面积大小差异悬殊。各类型的驼绒藜斑块形状指数相差较大，表明斑块与外界的物质、能量交换活跃度差异悬殊。斑块扩展度和方形指数的最大值和最小值分别出现在驼绒藜荒漠 + 盐爪爪荒漠和驼绒藜荒漠 + 五柱红砂荒漠，值均大于1。表明驼绒藜荒漠植被各类型斑块形状偏离于圆形和方形，均为不规则形，以上均说明驼绒藜荒漠植被的空间异质性较大。
The issue of desertification is becoming increasingly severe worldwide. As one of the key plants for ecological restoration and desertification control in arid regions, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides plays a crucial role and holds significant value. This study utilizes Geographic Information System software and vegetation data of Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert obtained from the China Vegetation Atlas (1:1,000,000). The analysis incorporates patch characteristics and shape index methods to investigate the geographical distribution, patch shape, and spatial features of Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert vegetation. The results show that the total area of Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert vegetation in China is 43,915.84 km2, with a total of 259 patches. The vegetation is primarily distributed in Xinjiang. Spatial pattern analysis reveals that Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert vegetation has many small patches and few large ones, with significant differences in patch area sizes. The shape indices of patches in different community types vary greatly, indicating substantial differences in the exchange of materials and energy between patches and the surrounding environment. The maximum and minimum values of patch extension and shape index are found in the Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert + salt desert and Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert + Reaumuria kaschgarica desert, both of which are greater than 1. This indicates that patches of Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert vegetation deviate from circular and square shapes, being irregular in form. These findings suggest significant spatial heterogeneity in Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert vegetation.
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