全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Surface and Groundwater Quality and Flow Dynamics around a Tropical Highland Open Pit Mine, Amid Progressive Ecological Rehabilitation

DOI: 10.4236/gep.2025.132019, PP. 321-347

Keywords: Mining, Water Quality and Quantity, Heavy Metals

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

It is essential to investigate the impact of tropical highland open pit gold mines on surface and groundwater quality and flow dynamics. Samples from the Twangiza gold mine, with long term mining activities, including small-scale mining were analyzed in an accredited South African Laboratory. Results indicate that TDS and EC were higher in the mine site due the concentration of many metals. DO values were higher downstream. ORP and pH levels were similar at all site positions. Upstream: Fe, Si, K, Mg, Al have the highest concentrations (14.0 - 23.1 mg?l?1). P, Pb, B, Ti, Sr, Ag, Ni, Ba, and As have concentrations ranging from 0.1 - 0.9 mg?l?1. Li and Au have the lowest concentrations (0.01 - 0.05 mg?l?1). Zn was also relatively abundant upstream, most likely airborne by the plant generator smoke. Within the mine site: Si, Al, Mg, Fe are found in higher concentrations (19 - 50 mg?l?1). These are followed by K, As, and P (1.4 - 4 mg?l?1). Ni, Ti, Ag, Sr, Ba are also found in lesser concentrations (0.2 - 0.7 mg?l?1). The groundwater flow remained consistent. This study has the advantage of having continuously followed up a large number of heavy metals during years.

References

[1]  [ATSDR] (2004). Health Statement Cesium.
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/PHS/PHS.aspx?phsid=575&toxid=107#:~:text=Naturally%2Doccurring%20cesium%20occurs%20in,air%2C%20water%2C%20and%20soil
[2]  [DHI SOLUTION] (n.d.). Monitoring Water Quality & Quantity in Mining. Environmental Monitoring—Tailor-Made!
https://www.dhigroup.com/upload/publications/misc/Mining_SolutionFlyer_Monitoring%20water%20quality%20and%20quantity%20in%20mining.pdf
[3]  [ICMI] (2009). Implementation Guidance for the International Cyanide Management Code. International Cyanide Management Institute.
https://www.cyanidecode.org
[4]  [IISD] (2022). Surface Water Monitoring for the Mining Sector: Frameworks for Governments. The International Institute for Sustainable Development.
[5]  [IUCN] (2024). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
https://www.iucnredlist.org
[6]  [MDH] Minesotta Department of Health. Arsenic in Well Water (2010).
https://www.health.state.mn.us/communities/environment/water/docs/wells/waterquality/arsenic.pdf
[7]  [TGM] Twangiza Gold Mine (2007). Annual Report of Activities. Inédit.
[8]  [TGM] Twangiza Gold Mine (2013). Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for Phase I of the Twangiza Gold Mine Project, South Kivu, DRC. SLR Ref No. 710.02009.00006. Report No. Final. Inédit.
[9]  [WHO] World Health Organization (2003). Arsenic in Drinking-Water. Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality.
https://fctc.who.int/news-and-resources/publications/i/item/arsenic-in-drinking-water-background-document-for-development-of-who-guidelines-for-drinking-water-quality
[10]  [WHO] World Health Organization (2008). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. Third Edition. Incorporating the 1st & 2nd Addenda. Vol. 1. Recommendations.
[11]  Adekiya, A. O., Oloruntoba, A., Ewulo, B. S., Ogunbode, T., & Sangoyomi, T. (2024). Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils near Ilesha Gold Mining Area, Nigeria. The Open Agriculture Journal, 18, e18743315290216.
https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743315290216240123111021
[12]  AFNOR (2010). Qualité écologique des milieux aquatiques. Qualité de leau. Traitement au laboratoire déchantillons contenant des macroinvertébrés des cours deau. Association Française de Normalisation; Prénorme expérimentale XP T90-333.
[13]  Aruna, O. A., Adedeji, O., Babatunde, S. E. et al. (2024). Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils near Ilesha Gold Mining Area, Nigeria. The Open Agriculture Journal, vol. 18.
https://openagriculturejournal.com/VOLUME/18/ELOCATOR/e18743315290216/FULLTEXT/
[14]  Baguma, G. B., Bisimwa, A. M., Munundu, A. M., Irenge, E. B., Shabani, I. E., & Cubaka, A. K. (2024). Relationships between Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Environmental Variables of Nyamuhinga River, Lake Kivu Southwest Basin, Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 196, Article No. 917.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-13071-6
[15]  Basima, L. B., Muhigwa, J. B., & Cubaka, K. (in press). Vegetation Success Indicators of Progressive Ecological Rehabilitation Sites around a Tropical Highland Open Pit Mine.
[16]  Bisleri (2024). Understanding TDS and Its Role in Drinking Water.
https://www.bisleri.com/blogs/understanding-tds-and-its-role-in-drinking-water
[17]  Day, J. A., Harrison, A. D., & De Moor, J. I. (2003). Guide to the Freshwater Invertebrates of Southern Africa, Volume 9 Insecta III: Diptera (200 p.). Water Research Commission.
[18]  De Moor, J. I., Day, J. A., & De Moor, C. F. (2003b). Guide to the Freshwater Invertebrates of Southern Africa, Volume 8 Insecta II: Hemiptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera & Lepidoptera (209 p.). Water Research Commission.
[19]  De Moor, J. I., Day, J. A., De Moor, C. F. et al. (2003a). Guide to the Freshwater Invertebrates of Southern Africa, Volume 7 Insecta I: Ephemeroptera, Odonata & Plecoptera (288 p.). Water Research Commission.
[20]  Dewangana, S. K., Shrivastavab, S. K., Mohammad, M. A. et al. (2023). Temperature Effect on Electrical Conductivity (EC) & Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of Water: A Review. IJRAR, 10, 514-520.
[21]  Ebenebe, P. C., Shale, K., Sedibe, M. et al. (2017). South African Mine Effluents: Heavy Metal Pollution and Impact on the Ecosystem. International Journal of Chemical Science, 15, 198.
[22]  Ghaur, N., & Friedl, E. (2023). Groundwater Movement, Factors and Influence. Lesson.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/factors-that-influence-groundwater-movement.html
[23]  Goldschmidt, V. M. (1937). The Principles of Distribution of Chemical Elements in Minerals and Rocks. The Seventh Hugo Müller Lecture, Delivered before the Chemical Society on March 17th, 1937. Journal of the Chemical Society, 655-673.
https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9370000655
[24]  GroundTruth (2009). Aquatic Biodiversity Baseline Assessment of the Twangiza Region, South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Twangiza Gold Mine Project. Inédit.
[25]  Hadzi, G. Y. (2022). Effect of Mining on Heavy Metals Toxicity and Health Risk in Selected Rivers of Ghana. In H. M. Saleh, & A. I. Hassan (Eds.), Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals. IntechOpen.
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102093
[26]  Hatari Labs (2017). Main Factors Affecting Groundwater Regime.
https://hatarilabs.com/ih-en/main-factors-affecting-groundwater-regime
[27]  Khettar, S., Haouchine, N., & Asselah, B. (2013). Macroinvertébrés et qualité biologique de quelques cours d’eau du bassin versant de la Macta (ouest de l’Algérie). In The 4th Inter-national Congress Water, Waste & Environment (EDE4).
[28]  Kodama, H., & Grim, R. E. (2024). Clay Mineral. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/clay-mineral
[29]  Morgan, G., Duthe, D., Cowan, J. et al. (2009). Feasibility Studies of Twangiza Project: Base-Line Surface and Ground Water Report. SRK Project Number 388391. SRK Consulting South Africa. Inédit.
[30]  Mucina, L., Tsakalos, J. L., & Macintyre, P.D. (2019). Ecology, Biodiversity and Mining: Science Solving the Challenges. Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/1915_03_Mucina/
[31]  Murtaza, G., Murtaza, B., Niazi, N. K., & Sabir, M. (2014). Soil Contaminants: Sources, Effects, and Approaches for Remediation. In P. Ahmad, et al. (Eds.), Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes (pp. 171-196). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8824-8_7
[32]  Ngera, M., Pauls, S., Holzenthal, R., Bagalwa, M., Bisimwa, M., Mushayuma, E. et al. (2019). Contribution to the Knowledge of the Macroinvertebrate Fauna of the Streams of Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 44, 127-142.
https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2019.1598840
[33]  Nurcholis, M., Yudiantoro, D. F., Haryanto, D., & Mirzam, A. (2017). Heavy Metals Distribution in the Artisanal Gold Mining Area in Wonogiri. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 49, 133-144.
https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.15321
[34]  Reis, V., & Duarte, A. C. (2019). Occurrence, Distribution, and Significance of Arsenic Speciation. In Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry (pp. 1-14). Elsevier.
https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2019.03.006
[35]  Reyjol, Y., Vassilis, S., & Basilico, L. (2013). Bioindication: Des outils pour évaluer létat écologique des milieux aquatiques: Perspectives en vue du 2e cycle DCE-Eaux de surface continentals (64 p.). ONEMA, Office National de l’Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques.
[36]  Shabani, I. E., Liu, M. H., Yu, H. X., Muhigwa, J. B., & Geng, F. F. (2019). Benthic Macroinvertebrate Diversity and Functional Feeding Groups in Relation to Physicochemical Factors in Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, Northeast China. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17, 3387-3402.
https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1702_33873402
[37]  Shapi, M., Jordaan, M. A., Mbambo, A. T., Davies, T. C., Chirenje, E., & Dube, M. (2021). Determination of Potentially Harmful Element (PHE) Distribution in Water Bodies in Krugersdorp, a Mining City in the West Rand, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Minerals, 11, Article No. 1133.
https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101133
[38]  Stals, R., & De Moor, J. I. (2007). Guide to the Freshwater Invertebrates of Southern Africa, Volume 10: Coleoptera (263 p.). Water Research Commission.
[39]  Tachet, H., Richoux, P., Bournaud, M. et al. (2010). Invertébrés deau douce: Systématique, biologie, écologie. CNRS Editions.
[40]  Touzin (2008). Utilisation des macro-invertébrés benthiques pour évaluer la dégradation de la qualité de leau des rivières au Québec. Faculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation. Université Laval.
http://www.agrireseau.qc.ca/agroenvironnement/documents/Utilisation_macroinvertébrés_qualité_eau_pdf
[41]  Vernier (2005). Water Quality—TDS Adapted from Earth Science with Calculators© 2005 Vernier Software & Technology. Experiment 13.
https://education.ti.com/~/media/029608482684423FAD45D941FEAD5B99#:~:text=TDS%20values%20in%20lakes%20and,high%20as%20500%20mg%2FL
[42]  Water Science School (2018). Saline Water and Salinity|U.S. Geological Survey.
[43]  Wetzel, R. G. (2001). Limnology, Lake and River Ecosystems (3rd ed., 1066 p.). Elsevier Academic Press.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133