基于文献数据挖掘分析中医药治疗尿浊的用药规律
Based on Literature Data Mining to Analyse the Medication Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Urine Turbidity

目的：以临床文献数据为基础挖掘中医药治疗尿浊方剂的组方用药规律。方法：检索中国知网、万方与维普数据库，时间为2020年1月1日至2024年9月10日，收集中医药治疗尿浊的临床资料，运用频次分析、关联规则分析、聚类分析及因子分析等数据挖掘手段探究抗尿浊方剂的配伍规律。结果：共得到991首治疗尿浊的方剂，共涉及449味中药，使用频率排在前6位的中药为黄芪、茯苓、白术、丹参、山药、山茱萸，常用中药类别以补虚药、活血化瘀药、利水渗湿药、清热药为主。药性集中于平、温、寒，药味以甘为主，归经主要在肝、脾、肾经关联规则的网络可视化提示黄芪–茯苓在处方中出现频次最高(448次)。对高频药物(≥70)进行聚类分析，共得到5个聚类组合，反映了“黄芪–丹参–当归–大黄–川芎–水蛭–地龙–土茯苓–桃仁–赤芍–淫羊藿”等在经典方的基础上加减药味的特色组方，体现了气运血行，肾络复通，精行其道，则尿浊症状自消的治法。因子分析共提取18个公因子，挖掘得到“水蛭–地龙–蝉蜕”等虫类药组在尿浊中的运用，体现了破血逐瘀、通经利尿等配伍特点。结论：尿浊方剂的用药规律以补益脾肾、清利湿热为主。中医治疗尿浊应先辨虚实，初期多为实证，治以清利湿热；久病多虚，宜培补脾肾，固摄下元，实夹杂者，补益之中可加以渗湿，渗湿之法又可兼以补益，应标本兼顾。
Objective: Based on the data of clinical literature, the composition and medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of urine turbidity prescriptions were explored. Methods: CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were searched from January 1, 2020 to September 10, 2024, to collect clinical data of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of urine turbidity, and the compatibility of anti-urine turbidity prescriptions was explored by frequency analysis, association rule analysis, cluster analysis and factor analysis. Results: A total of 991 formulas for the treatment of urine turbidity were obtained, involving a total of 449 traditional Chinese medicines, and the top 6 Chinese medicines with the highest frequency of use were Astragalus membranaceus, Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephalus, Salvia miltiorrhizae, Chinese yam and Cornus officinalis. The medicinal properties were concentrated in flat, warm and cold, the medicinal taste was mainly sweet, and the network visualization of the association rules of the liver, spleen and kidney meridians showed that Astragalus-Poria cocos appeared most frequently in the prescription (448 times). Cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs (≥70) was carried out, and a total of 5 cluster combinations were obtained, reflecting the characteristic formulas of “Astragalus membranaceus-Salvia miltiorrhizae-Angelica-Rhubarb-Chuanxiong-Leech-Dilong-Poria cocos-Peach kernel-Red Paeoniae-Epimedium weed” on the basis of the classic formula, which reflected the treatment method of qi luck and blood, kidney