不同砌筑方式砖墙轴压力学性能试验及承载力公式系数修正
Axial Mechanics Tests on Brick Walls of Different Masonry Types and Bearing Capacity Formula Coefficient Revision

在我国，自建房数量极为庞大，其安全问题日益严峻。自建房常采用砖墙作为承重结构，但砌体结构形式丰富多样，这给房屋检测工作带来了诸多挑战。本文通过模拟自建房实际工况，以一眠一斗砖墙、一眠三斗砖墙、无眠空斗墙和眠墙等不同砌筑方式为参数，开展了砖墙轴向力学性能试验，并基于试验结果对砖墙承载力计算公式系数予以修正。结果表明：不同的砌筑方式对砖墙的开裂荷载、破坏荷载以及破坏形态具有较大影响，眠墙的承载能力最高，随着空斗数的增多，墙体承载能力随之降低；将修正后的系数k₁代入砖墙承载力计算公式，并与其他学者的试验结果进行比对验证，验证结果表现良好，证明了修正后公式具备较高的适用性。本研究可为自建房砖墙检测提供一定的试验与理论基础。
In China, the number of self-built houses is extremely large, and their safety issues are becoming increasingly severe. Self-built houses often use brick walls as load-bearing structures. However, the rich and diverse forms of masonry structures bring numerous challenges to house inspection work. In this paper, by simulating the actual working conditions of self-built houses, taking different masonry methods such as one-course-of-headers-and-one-course-of-stretchers brick walls, one-course-of-headers-and-three-courses-of-stretchers brick walls, header-less cavity walls, and solid-brick walls as parameters, the axial mechanical property tests of brick walls were carried out. Based on the test results, the coefficients of the brick wall bearing capacity calculation formula were modified. The results show that different masonry methods have a significant impact on the cracking load, failure load, and failure mode of brick walls. The solid-brick wall has the highest bearing capacity. As the number of cavity spaces increases, the bearing capacity of the wall decreases. The modified coefficient k₁ was substituted into the brick wall bearing capacity calculation formula, and it was compared and verified with the test results of other scholars. The verification results are good, which proves that the modified formula has high applicability. This research can provide a certain experimental and theoretical basis for the inspection of brick walls in self-built houses.