论算法视域下短视频平台“通知–删除”义务的重构
Reconstruction of the “Notice-and-Takedown” Obligation on Short-Video Platforms from the Perspective of Algorithms

算法推荐技术的广泛应用，促使短视频平台的视频产出与传播速率大幅攀升，不过，海量涉及用户对影视作品展开搬运、剪辑、速览、裁条、解说的视短频也频繁推送，自2018年起，我国短视频著作权侵权纠纷案件大幅度增长。我国《信息网络传播权保护条例》引入“避风港原则”，鉴于平台秉持“技术中立”立场，规定平台在接到权利人的著作权侵权告知后，即刻删除相关侵权作品就能免除责任。只是针对短视频平台著作权注意义务的规范，大多聚焦于事后注意这一方面，短视频平台还时常拿“技术中立”当幌子，躲开法律对技术的管控，或是推诿自身责任。因算法推荐具备自动、不透明以及难以问责的特性，这不但冲击了短视频平台的中立姿态，还催生出更为显著的救济延迟难题，传统的“通知–删除”规则难再维系。理清短视频的合理审查义务，构建平台过滤机制的审查义务，公开算法运行原理及备案审查有利于缓解当前面临的矛盾。
The widespread application of algorithm recommendation technology has significantly boosted the production and dissemination speed of videos on short-video platforms. However, a vast number of short videos, which involve users’ actions such as reposting, editing, quick viewing, cropping, and commentary of film and television works, are also frequently pushed. Since 2018, the number of copyright infringement disputes regarding short videos in China has increased substantially. China's “Regulations on the Protection of the Right to Network Dissemination of Information” has introduced the “safe harbor rule” from the U.S. “Digital Millennium Copyright Act”. Given that platforms uphold the stance of “technological neutrality”, it is stipulated that Internet service providers can be exempt from liability as long as they immediately delete the relevant infringing works upon receiving the copyright infringement notice from the right holders. Nevertheless, the norms regarding the copyright duty of care for short-video platforms mostly focus on post facto attention. Short-video platforms often use “technological neutrality” as a pretext to evade legal control over technology or shirk their own responsibilities. Due to the automatic, opaque, and hard-to-hold-accountable nature of algorithmic recommendation, this not only challenges the neutral stance of short-video platforms but also gives rise to more prominent problems of relief delay. The traditional “notice-and-takedown” rule can no longer be sustained. Clarifying the reasonable review obligations of short videos, constructing the review obligations of the platform filtering mechanism, and making public the operation principle of algorithms and conducting filing reviews are conducive to alleviating the current contradictions.