妨害安全驾驶罪的法律问题探析
Analysis of the Legal Issues of the Crime of Obstructing Safe Driving

2021年，《刑法修正案(十一)》的公布，为我国法治建设带来了重大的变革。现代社会与风险相伴而生，“风险社会”的议题进入大众视野，推动刑事立法由事后惩罚转向事前预防，尤其是公共交通运输过程中所存在的安全隐患，妨害安全驾驶罪的增设正是对公共安全需求的及时回应，是刑法正义价值之体现。在《刑修(十一)》公布之前，在立法层面及司法实践中依然存在诸多问题。对于行为具有的危险的程度及证据采集等方面存在缺陷，司法中各地区司法人员对妨害安全驾驶罪的构成要件、行为方式等方面的认识也可能不尽相同，这可能导致在司法实践中出现认定不一致的情况。因此本文从犯罪构成要件的角度出发，从中提取出妨害安全驾驶罪的特征，以分析其中的乱象与问题，并为此罪今后的司法适用方面提出针对性的对策和建议。
In 2021, the publication of the “Criminal Law Amendment (XI)” brought significant changes to the construction of the rule of law in China. Modern society is accompanied by risks, and the issue of “risk society” has entered the public eye, promoting criminal legislation to shift from punishment after the fact to prevention in advance, especially the potential safety hazards in the process of public transportation, and the addition of the crime of obstructing safe driving is a timely response to the needs of public safety and the embodiment of the justice value of criminal law. Before the promulgation of the Criminal Amendment (11), there were still many problems at the legislative level and in judicial practice. There are deficiencies in the degree of danger of the act and the collection of evidence, and judicial personnel in different regions may have different understandings of the constitutive elements and behavior methods of the crime of obstructing safe driving, which may lead to inconsistent determinations in judicial practice. Therefore, from the perspective of the constitutive elements of the crime, this paper extracts the characteristics of the crime of obstructing safe driving, analyzes the chaos and problems in it, and puts forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions for the future judicial application of this crime.