二次创作短视频的合理使用问题研究
Research on the Fair Use of Secondary Creation in Short Videos

互联网与数字技术蓬勃发展，智能设备普及促使信息获取便捷化，短视频应运而生并迅速崛起。然而，其行业繁荣背后，二次创作行为因未获授权与知识产权法频繁冲突，成为社会关注焦点，亟待法律规范。经过本文研究发现，在二创短视频领域，其独创性判定缺乏明确标准，致使司法实践难以统一尺度。立法层面采用封闭式列举，无法涵盖丰富多样的短视频类型，难以有效保护其知识产权。司法实践中主要依据的“适当引用”条款受短视频篇幅限制，单纯考量引用比例判断侵权极不严谨，导致标准混乱。所以本文从细化独创性标准入手，多维度剖析视频元素区分创作者构思。从立法层面建议以《著作权法实施条例》为例设置通用条款并规范“适当引用”。同时建议在司法实践中构建综合考量体系，融合多要素审查，构建合理使用制度的统一认定标准，推动行业共建规范指南与案例库，更好地实现知识产权的保护的同时促进短视频创作的蓬勃发展。
With the booming development of Internet and digital technology, the popularization of intelligent devices promoting the convenience of information access, short video emerged at a historical moment and rose rapidly. However, behind the prosperity of the industry, the second creative behavior has become the frequent conflict of intellectual property law, becoming the focus of social attention and urgent legal norms. In the field of short video, there is a lack of clear standards for its originality, which makes it difficult to unify the scale of judicial practice. The legislative level adopts closed enumeration, which cannot cover a rich variety of short video types, and it is difficult to effectively protect its intellectual property rights. In judicial practice, the “appropriate reference clause” is mainly based on the length of short videos. It is not rigorous to judge the infringement, leading to confusion of standards. Therefore, this paper starts with the refinement of originality standards, multidimensional analysis of video elements to distinguish the ideas of creators. In legislation, the government sets general provisions in the Implementation Regulations of the Copyright Law and regulates the “appropriate reference”. Judicial practice builds a comprehensive consideration system, integrates multi-factor review, and promotes the industry to jointly build normative guidelines and case banks, so as to better realize the protection of intellectual property rights and promote the vigorous development of short video creation.