The article presents a comprehensive approach to defining a system of interrelated welfare components that characterize various aspects of human values and needs, from material to emotional, psychological and spiritual ones, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the welfare concept. As a new aim of research, the following structure of welfare subjects disclosed: an individual (household), a community, a country, an international community and the whole of the humanity of the world, which reflects the dimensions of welfare research accordingly—at the micro, meso, macro, global and planetary levels. The specifics of welfare components at each level of its subjects are highlighted, and complementary and unity principles that characterize them are revealed. The current research presents various approaches for the assessment of value and dynamics of the subjects’ welfare, which are used in practice, including overview of their methodological features. Thus, the symbiosis of three mentioned approaches—the comprehensive three-level system of welfare components, the general structure of welfare subjects and the existing methods for assessing the level and dynamics of welfare in practice—represents a holistic picture of the interpretation of the essence and measurement of welfare, considering its various aspects and dimensions of the research.
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