In the Malacca Strait, Malaysia has faced both “traditional” and “non-traditional” security threats throughout its modern history. The territorial dispute between Malaysia and Indonesia is a long-term issue that involves a lengthy process, whereas non-traditional threats from non-state actors are urgent and short-term issues that are not yet properly addressed due to the lack of clear jurisdiction. The research findings emphasize that both countries should strengthen bilateral cooperation, including coordinated maritime patrols, joint maritime exercises, and most importantly, intelligence sharing, such as the establishment of an Intelligence Fusion Center (IFC). By utilizing this strategy, both countries not only enhance maritime security but also build trust, making progress toward resolving the territorial dispute.
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