This is a case report of a rare myoma of the anterior vaginal wall that mimicked a paraurethral diverticulum in a postmenopausal woman. Surgical treatment of the lesion was performed via a transvaginal approach without complications, and the material was sent for anatomopathological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma. Vaginal leiomyomas are a rare lineage of tumors at this gynecological site, with just over 300 reports worldwide. Symptoms can range from totally asymptomatic to genitourinary complaints, such as urinary incontinence to dyspareunia. The diagnosis is based on a physical examination and preoperative imaging tests (MRI, transvaginal ultrasound, cystoscopy, computed tomography), but the definitive diagnosis is histopathological analysis of the specimen. The treatment of choice is surgery with complete excision of the lesion, and in 90% of cases, the transvaginal approach is chosen.
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