《麦克白》中“荒原”的象征与循环探析
The Symbolism and Cyclic Representation of the “Wasteland” in Macbeth

莎士比亚的《麦克白》通过“荒原”意象的循环，深刻揭示了历史中的悲剧性循环。文章通过对剧中荒原意象的分析，探讨了莎士比亚如何利用这一象征展示个体欲望与历史进程之间的相互作用。在剧中，荒原意象不断出现，从麦克白的内心精神荒原到他所创造的外在社会荒原，这一循环展示了欲望与野心如何将个人和国家推向毁灭的深渊。这一反复出现的“荒原”象征是莎士比亚历史观的隐喻性呈现。通过这一象征，莎士比亚不仅揭示了詹姆斯一世黑暗统治下的社会现实，警示人们对欲望与权力的无止境追求，还展现了历史的非道德性和反复循环，提醒我们反思权力、道德与历史之间的紧密关系。
Shakespeare’s Macbeth profoundly explores the tragic cycles of history through the recurring imagery of the “wasteland”. This paper examines how Shakespeare uses this symbol to depict the interaction between individual desires and the broader historical process. Throughout the play, the imagery of the wasteland appears in various forms, from Macbeth’s inner spiritual desolation to the external societal wasteland he creates, illustrating how ambition and desire lead both individuals and nations to ruin. The recurring imagery of the “wasteland” serves as a metaphorical manifestation of Shakespeare’s historical perspective. Through this symbol, Shakespeare not only critiques the grim social realities of James I’s reign and warns against the boundless pursuit of power and desire, but also exposes the inherent immorality and repetitive nature of history. The work reflects intricate relationships between power, morality, and the cyclical patterns of historical events.