乡镇养老机构的发展困境与对策路径研究——以浙江省Q区乡镇养老机构为例
Study on the Development Dilemmas and Strategic Pathways of Rural Aged Care Facilities—Taking the Rural Nursing Homes in Q District of Zhejiang Province as an Example

《2023年度国家老龄事业发展公报》显示，截至2023年底，我国60岁以上老年人达29,697万人，占总人口数的21.1%，人口结构已呈现明显的老龄化特征。我国已进入中度老龄化社会，养老问题尤其是农村养老问题成为社会一大难题。随着农村老年人口不断增多，人口老龄化加剧，农村老人的养老问题更为严峻，他们的晚年生活更需要被关注。同时，随着社会经济的发展，农村人口流失，养老问题和需求的多样化，早期建立的乡镇养老机构无法有效解决老龄化所产生的各种社会问题和需求。本文以浙江省Q区乡镇养老机构为例，通过田野调查探究养老机构的发展现状，分析面临的困境，针对问题提出转型升级意见，发展区域性机构养老新业态，以促进调研地养老机构转型升级，推动养老服务行业的高质量发展。
The “National Aging Development Bulletin of 2023” shows that by the end of 2023, the number of people aged 60 and above in China reached 296.97 million, accounting for 21.1% of the total population, indicating a distinct aging characteristic in the population structure. China has entered a moderately aging society, and the issue of elderly care, especially in rural areas, has become a major social problem. With the continuous increase of the elderly population in rural areas and the intensification of population aging, the elderly care problem in rural areas has become more severe, and their later years of life need more attention. Meanwhile, with the development of the social economy, the “hollowing out” of rural areas, and the diversification of elderly care needs, the early established rural elderly care institutions are unable to effectively address various social problems and demands arising from aging. This article takes the rural elderly care institutions in Q District, Zhejiang Province as an example, conducts field research to explore the current development status of elderly care institutions, analyzes the difficulties they face, and proposes suggestions for transformation and upgrading to develop new regional institutional elderly care models, in order to promote the transformation and upgrading of elderly care institutions in the research area and drive the high-quality development of the elderly care service industry.