“民玉”形成初探及其纹样的意义重构——以清朝配饰玉为例
A Preliminary Exploration of “Min Jade” and the Reinterpretation of Its Patterns—Taking Qing Dynasty Accessories as Examples

“民玉”，即是民间老百姓所用之玉。清朝是我国“民玉”文化发展的巅峰。玉石文化伴随着延绵不息的中华历史已有千年之久，配饰玉更是其中重要的分支。随着时代的变迁，配饰玉的功能从最初象征权力和划分阶级的“王玉”和君子品德的“礼玉”、“德玉”逐渐世俗化，曾经只有皇权贵胄才能拥有的玉石，从贵族专属走向民间普及，配饰玉的功能不再仅限于社会地位的体现和文人雅士的品德彰显，而更多地寄托了普通老百姓对“美”的欣赏以及对美好生活的寄托。本文简要梳理了配饰玉千百年来的功能转变，和“民玉”产生的历史条件。同时，以清朝流行的配饰玉纹样梳理了在民俗文化的影响下玉石纹样的意义发生了怎样的转变。
“Min jade” refers to the jade used by the common people. The Qing Dynasty represents the pinnacle of “Min Jade” culture in China. The jade culture, which has accompanied the continuous Chinese history for thousands of years, has an important branch in the form of accessory jade. As The Times have changed, the function of accessory jade has evolved from the “king’s jade” and “ritual jade” or “virtuous jade” that symbolized power and class division to a more secular role. Jade, once exclusive to nobility and royalty, has transitioned from an aristocratic preserve to a widespread popular practice. The function of accessory jade is no longer limited to reflecting social status and the virtues of literati and scholars; it has increasingly become a vehicle for ordinary people’s appreciation of beauty and their aspirations for a good life. This paper briefly reviews the functional transformation of accessory jade over thousands of years and the historical conditions that gave rise to “Min jade”. It also examines how the patterns on accessory jade popular during the Qing Dynasty have changed in meaning under the influence of folk culture.