从《史记》各篇章的开篇再思天人关系
Thinking about the Relationship of Heaven-Man from the Various Chapters of the First Section of the Shi Ji

司马迁“究天人之际”，“通古今之变”的主旨反映在《史记》各篇章的开篇中。在《礼书》中，司马迁区分了物和人欲，人欲的培养必须遵守物质享受的客观规律，但是人欲会反过来影响并改善自己的物欲需求。《伯夷列传》的书写抛出了司马迁对天命的疑惑，并指出人欲并不要求外在的物欲回报，而是注重自发的自我培养与自我克制，勾勒出“天人”的整体与内在互动结构。司马迁独有的历史哲学和对现实政治的发现集中体现在《五帝本纪》中，并具体阐释了作为不变之“常”的内在之德如何使得古今之变串联为负载着道德传承的整体。
Sima Qian’s theme of “studying heaven and man” and “changing through the past and the present” is reflected in the opening chapters of each part of the Shi Ji. In the section of Li Ji, Sima Qian distinguishes between material and human desires. The cultivation of human desires must comply with the objective laws of material enjoyment, but human desires will in turn, affect and improve one’s own material desires. The writing of Bo Yi Lie Zhuan dispelled Sima Qian’s doubts about the Destiny, so that the Destiny pointed to the meaning of the inner virtue and outlined the structure of the heavens contained in man. Sima Qian’s unique philosophy of history and the critique of actual politic are embodied in the Five Emperors Ben ji, which concretely illustrates the development of the inner virtue how to be unchanging, and how to become the whole bearing on moral legacy investigating changing from past to present.