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中药治疗良性前列腺增生的作用机制及临床疗效评估
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Abstract:
良性前列腺增生(Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, BPH)是老年男性中极为常见的疾病，其发生率随年龄增长而显著增加，常导致下尿路症状，严重影响患者的生活质量。在中国及部分其他国家，中草药被广泛应用于BPH的治疗。本文主要回顾了关于中草药及其活性成分治疗BPH的研究，包括动物实验和细胞实验，并详细探讨了相关机制。研究结果表明，中草药治疗BPH的作用机制可能涉及性激素水平的调节、细胞生长因子的抑制、抗炎和抗氧化效应、细胞增殖的抑制以及细胞凋亡的促进作用。中草药还显示出类似α受体阻滞剂的效果，有助于放松尿道平滑肌，进而缓解下尿路症状。此外，我们还回顾了中草药治疗前列腺增生患者的临床试验，这些试验为中草药治疗的安全性和有效性提供了初步证据。中草药作为一种多成分、多靶点、多途径的治疗方法，显示出显著的优势，能够有效减轻疾病严重程度、改善下尿路症状，未来有望成为一种可靠的治疗选择。
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a prevalent condition among aging males, is characterized by a marked increase in incidence with age and is often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), widely employed in China and certain other regions for BPH management, has been the focus of recent research. This review comprehensively summarizes studies on the therapeutic effects and active components of TCM in treating BPH, encompassing animal and cell experiments, and delves into the underlying mechanisms. Research findings suggest that TCM’s efficacy in BPH may involve multiple pathways, including hormonal regulation, inhibition of growth factors, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, suppression of cell proliferation, and promotion of apoptosis. Additionally, TCM exhibits functional similarity to α-blockers by relaxing the urethral smooth muscle, thereby alleviating lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinical trials evaluating TCM for BPH were also reviewed, providing preliminary evidence supporting its safety and efficacy. As a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway therapeutic approach, TCM demonstrates notable advantages in reducing disease severity and improving LUTS. With further validation, TCM holds promise as a reliable future treatment option for BPH.
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