This article focuses on the factors influencing fracture nonunion, classification and treatment. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the influencing factors and mechanisms of fracture healing for developing effective treatment strategies and improving patients’ quality of life. It also points out the challenges of current treatment, such as patient compliance and limitations of treatment methods, and looks at future treatment directions.
References
[1]
He, B., Zhang, Z., Liu, J., He, Y., Tang, T., Li, J., et al. (2016) Bioinformatics and Microarray Analysis of miRNAs in Aged Female Mice Model Implied New Molecular Mechanisms for Impaired Fracture Healing. InternationalJournalofMolecularSciences, 17, Article 1260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081260
[2]
Li, Y., Su, J., Sun, W., Cai, L. and Deng, Z. (2018) AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation and Mineralization through Autophagy Induction. InternationalJournalofMolecularMedicine, 41, 2535-2544. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3498
[3]
Kuroda, R., Matsumoto, T., Niikura, T., Kawakami, Y., Fukui, T., Lee, S.Y., et al. (2013) Local Transplantation of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor-Mobilized CD34+ Cells for Patients with Femoral and Tibial Nonunion: Pilot Clinical Trial. StemCellsTranslationalMedicine, 3, 128-134. https://doi.org/10.5966/sctm.2013-0106
[4]
Wang, L., Tower, R.J., Chandra, A., Yao, L., Tong, W., Xiong, Z., et al. (2019) Periosteal Mesenchymal Progenitor Dysfunction and Extraskeletally-Derived Fibrosis Contribute to Atrophic Fracture Nonunion. JournalofBoneandMineralResearch, 34, 520-532. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3626
[5]
Conway, J.D., Elhessy, A.H., Galiboglu, S., Patel, N. and Gesheff, M.G. (2022) Efficacy of Infection Eradication in Antibiotic Cement-Coated Intramedullary Nails for Fracture-Related Infections, Nonunions, and Fusions. Antibiotics, 11, Article 709. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060709
[6]
Kim, J.H., Kim, K., Kim, I., Seong, S., Koh, J. and Kim, N. (2022) Overexpression of Neurogenin 1 Negatively Regulates Osteoclast and Osteoblast Differentiation. InternationalJournalofMolecularSciences, 23, Article 6708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126708
[7]
Baek, S., Park, H., Igci, F.D. and Lee, D. (2022) Electrical Stimulation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on O2 Plasma-Treated ITO Glass Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation. InternationalJournalofMolecularSciences, 23, Article 12490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012490
[8]
Liu, T., Jomha, N.M., Adeeb, S., El-Rich, M. and Westover, L. (2020) Investigation of the Average Shape and Principal Variations of the Human Talus Bone Using Statistic Shape Model. FrontiersinBioengineeringandBiotechnology, 8, Article 656. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00656
[9]
Fu, J., Wang, Y., Jiang, Y., Du, J., Xu, J. and Liu, Y. (2021) Systemic Therapy of MSCs in Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. StemCellResearch&Therapy, 12, Article 377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02456-w
[10]
Kuroda, R., Matsumoto, T., Niikura, T., Kawakami, Y., Fukui, T., Lee, S.Y., et al. (2013) Local Transplantation of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor-Mobilized CD34+ Cells for Patients with Femoral and Tibial Nonunion: Pilot Clinical Trial. StemCellsTranslationalMedicine, 3, 128-134. https://doi.org/10.5966/sctm.2013-0106