Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a disease state characterized by a decline in muscle mass and function, combined with obesity. In the elderly, SO often coexists with type 2 diabetes (T2D), as chronic inflammation and insulin resistance are common pathophysiological mechanisms for both. The coexistence of them can lead to significant burdens for older adults, including increased frailty, elevated risk of falls, reduced daily living capabilities, and potential cognitive impairments, as well as the challenges associated with polypharmacy. However, the diagnostic criteria for SO are complex and not uniform, and research suggests that muscle function, rather than muscle mass, seems to be more closely related to adverse outcomes in elderly patients with T2D. Moreover, the measurement of muscle strength is simpler. Replacing SO with dynapenic obesity (DO) as a biological marker for the early prediction of functional decline in patients with T2D appears to be more effective and convenient. Therefore, this paper elaborates on the hazards and epidemiology of DO, and reviews its relationship with T2D and the management of comorbidities.
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