威海市PM_2.5污染源解析与健康风险评估研究——评估环境影响与公共健康关系的综合分析
Analysis of PM_2.5 Pollution Sources and Health Risk Assessment in Weihai City—A Comprehensive Analysis of Environmental Impact and Public Health Relationships

本研究以山东省威海市为例，结合正定矩阵分解法(PMF)和健康风险评估模型，全面解析了2023年PM_2.5污染的来源及其对高危人群的健康影响。结果显示，冬季燃煤采暖是PM_2.5的主要来源，贡献率超过50%，工业排放在春季和秋季占主导地位。通过健康风险评估，发现PM_2.5中的重金属(如铅、镉)对儿童和老年人构成了显著威胁。本文首次基于全年高频监测数据，揭示了威海市PM_2.5污染的动态特征，并提出清洁能源替代燃煤、加强工业和交通排放管控等政策建议，为沿海城市空气质量管理提供了科学依据。
This study, taking Weihai City in Shandong Province as a case, comprehensively analyzed the sources of PM_2.5 pollution and its health impacts on vulnerable populations in 2023 using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and health risk assessment models. The results indicated that winter coal heating was the dominant source of PM_2.5, accounting for over 50% of contributions, while industrial emissions dominated in spring and autumn. Health risk assessments revealed that heavy metals in PM_2.5, such as lead and cadmium, posed significant threats to children and the elderly. Based on year-round high-frequency monitoring data, this study systematically identified the dynamic characteristics of PM_2.5 pollution in Weihai City and proposed measures such as replacing coal with clean energy and strengthening controls on industrial and traffic emissions, providing scientific support for air quality management in coastal cities.